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UNIGLOBE Geo Travel Has chosen these England Tours because of it's great value as well as providing a great adventure. We have also provided a complete description of ENGLAND below, read about the different cities, things to do, places to go, and everything you will need to know about travelling to ENGLAND.
European Getaways: London & Paris 7 day tour Great Britain•France Starting at $869 Canadian (land only)

European Getaways: London & Paris (Extended) 9 day tour Great Britain•France Starting at $1189 Canadian (land only)

European Getaways: London, Paris & Amsterdam 9 day tour Great Britain•France•Holland Starting at $1189 Canadian (land only)

European Getaways: London, Paris & Barcelona 10 day tour Great Britain•France•Spain Starting at $1479 Canadian (land only)

ENGLAND The maze-a tall, green, garden puzzle-offered a challenge: The raised lookout at the center was supposed to have spectacular views. We had only an hour before catching the bus back to town, but surely that was enough time. So, off we went, winding and winding our way through the manicured rows of hedge. It wasn't that easy. Turn after turn, we got no closer-we just laughed as we met others who were as baffled as we were. Then, pressed for time, we found ourselves faced with a new challenge: getting out. We tried to hurry, but that didn't help. Fortunately, a young boy had made it to the lookout, and sensing our predicament, began calling out: "Walk straight," "Stop," "Turn right." Like the best tour guides, he got us where we wanted to go in no time. England is like that maze: You can't hurry your way through. Around nearly every bend in the road you'll find stately homes, crumbling castles, magnificent gardens, thatch-roofed cottages, cozy pubs and beautiful churches to explore. It's easy to while away hours admiring the details-a painting here, an architectural detail there. In fact, despite the country's relatively small size, you never seem to see it all. (We will, you can be sure, make it back to check out the view from that maze.) From Shakespeare and royalty to Stonehenge and thousands of years of history, England is simply a wonderful place to visit time and time again. And we haven't even mentioned London yet.
HISTORY England's history-especially during its empire years-had a tremendous influence worldwide. It provided the basis for many of the traditions of its former colonies and gave them the English language (which is rapidly becoming the world's common tongue). It also started the Industrial Revolution, whose effect on the people and the landscape is apparent throughout the country, from the vestiges of early steam-powered mills to the smoky, gray hulks of cities like Birmingham and Manchester. England is only one of four political divisions that historically made up the U.K. or, more formally, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (also encompassing Scotland and Wales). The name "Great Britain" and the term "British" refer to a geographic rather than political division and should only be used when making reference to the island comprising England, Scotland and Wales. Neither it nor England can be used interchangeably with U.K. (If you think this is all just nit-picking, go ahead and call a Scot an Englishman-and stand back.) The 20th century was a troubled time for the British: Two costly wars and the loss of empire took their toll on the economy and the national psyche. Many Britons still cling to their relationship with the U.S., despite powerful social and economic trends that lead toward closer integration with continental Europe. (The British remain deeply divided over such issues as the common European currency, the euro.) Increased autonomy for Scotland and Wales, combined with the signing of the peace treaty in Northern Ireland, are inspiring still further changes. While no one is predicting the complete dissolution of the U.K., the coming years will bring a sea of change in how the U.K. governs itself and how it presents itself to the world.
GEOGRAPHY England is generally divided into regions. The area surrounding London is known as the Home Counties. East Anglia, a region of agricultural flatlands, spans the area northeast of London, from the River Thames to The Wash (a North Sea Bay). From Gloucester to The Wash and from the Humber estuary to Liverpool is known as the Midlands, the heart of industrial England. North of the Humber and the River Mersey, reaching to the Scottish border, is the North Country, home to enchanting and sometimes rugged countryside that alternates with vast stretches of industrial development. The West Country is the area southwest of Bristol and Bournemouth that includes the sometimes pastoral, sometimes rugged terrain of Devonshire and Cornwall. Rocky cliffs, seagulls and the briny foam crashing on the beach give this region much of its character.
SNAPSHOT Historic sites, museums, theater, Stonehenge and other antiquities, London, rural scenery, stately homes, a varied coastline, quaint villages, formal gardens, walking trails, canal trips, shopping, friendly people and cultural events are England's main attractions. There is enough diversity in England to satisfy 99% of international travelers-everyone will find something to love. The only travelers who might not enjoy themselves are those who can't tolerate cool, damp weather-England is gloriously green, but it takes a lot of rain to keep it that way.
GEOSTATS Official Name: England is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Passport/Visa Requirements: Passports only are required of Australians, Canadians and U.S. citizens. Reconfirm travel document requirements with your carrier before departure. Health Certificates: None required. Contact health authorities for the latest information. Capital: London. Currency: British pound (£). 100 pence (p) = £1. Population: 49,495,000. Area: 50,367 sq mi/130,451 sq km. Languages: English Economy: Industry, services, tourism. Predominant Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic). Government: Constitutional monarchy Weather: Generally mild and temperate; frequent changes, but few extremes. Voltage Requirements: 220 volts. Telephone Codes: 44, country code; 20, London city code. Time Zone: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight Saving Time is observed from the last Saturday in March to the last Saturday in October
WHAT TO DO THERE ??? ARUNDEL Sitting on a rocky outcrop overlooking the River Arun, the pretty settlement of Arundel is punctuated by a cathedral (which technically makes it a city) and a magnificent castle (where open-air theater is held during the summer). With its quaint half-timbered buildings, old-fashioned tea shops and rowboats for hire, Arundel is a pleasant place to while away an afternoon. The nearby Arundel Bird Sanctuary is an excellent reserve for water birds, although visitors may also enjoy observing the "twitchers," or local bird-watchers-who are themselves an interesting species of English eccentricity. The picturesque village of Amberley, just to the west, consists almost entirely of thatch-roofed cottages. Petworth House, to the north of Arundel, is worth visiting for its fabulous art collection, which includes a number of Turner landscapes. 50 mi/80 km south of London.
BATH This town has been famous since Roman times for its mineral baths and hot springs. It also has elegant Georgian architecture, history, beautiful scenery, a charming abbey and stone houses with grand terraces. The old Roman baths are the main attraction (though the baths are no longer open for bathing, the tour of the Roman Baths Museum and ancient Pump Room is worthwhile). Take in the Abbey Church, and visit the Royal Crescent (a row of Georgian houses linked by another fine road to The Circus, a perfect circle of elegant homes). Then see the 18th-century Bath Assembly Rooms (interesting costume museum) and the small American Museum at Claverton Manor, a few miles out of town. We like to spend time shopping for antiques and exploring some of Bath's many gardens, museums and squares. If time permits, tour Longleat House in Warminster (it even has a safari park) or the scenic village of Lacock (be sure to see its Fox Talbot Museum of photography). 95 mi/150 km west of London.
BIRMINGHAM Though quite unattractive (and not really a tourist destination), this large industrial city has enough of interest to merit a visit if you're in the area. Among its attractions are the downtown canal system, the jewelry quarter, 17th-century Aston Hall, 18th-century Soho House and the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (wonderful collection of pre-Raphaelite paintings). Just outside the city in Bournville is the Cadbury factory, which offers tours and an overview of the history of chocolate (samples, too). In the vicinity are Bromsgrove (open-air Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings), Wolverhampton (Arts and Crafts masterpiece Wightwick Manor), Stourbridge (famous for its glass making) and Coventry (new and old cathedrals). 95 mi/150 km northwest of London.
BRIGHTON Once just a small fishing village, Brighton has become a seaside metropolis and bustling resort. Stroll the narrow streets past Georgian homes and 19th-century churches, stopping to visit the Dolls House (more than 300 dolls), the piers and the onion-domed Royal Pavilion (Queen Victoria loved its Eastern ambience-she liked to stay at the pavilion, making believe it was an Indian palace). The Lanes, a tightly clustered network of alleys in the center of town, offer great antique shopping. Relax at Brighton Beach, where skinny-dipping is allowed. Every December, the city is the destination of the London-Brighton vintage car rally, when the British love of eccentricity is on parade. Every May, Brighton hosts one of England's largest arts festivals. 45 mi/70 km south of London.
BRISTOL This famed port town is actually about 8 mi/13 km inland, on the River Avon. It's a nice place to spend a day. Tour the historic old part of town and the restored waterfront and quays, then stop at St. Mary Redcliffe church, Lord Mayor's Chapel (beautiful stained glass), the SS Great Britain and the harborside At-Bristol science and nature complex. The Georgian neighborhood of Clifton is located just across the river and is connected to the main town by a graceful suspension bridge. It remains one of the best parts of town to visit. If you have additional time, head to the suburb of Henbury, where you'll find the Blaise Castle House, a folk museum surrounded by lovely grounds, and the picture-postcard Blaise Hamlet. 105 mi/170 km west of London.
CAMBRIDGE This picturesque town, built where an ancient bridge crossed the River Cam (Cam-Bridge), is best known for its university, which opened in the 13th century. While in town, meander among the old stone university buildings, stopping at the 16th-century King's College Chapel, Trinity College's Great Court and Wren Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Plan to stroll through the botanic gardens, and, if your timing is good, hear a performance by one of the colleges' fine choirs (try for an evensong service at one of the chapels). If time permits, spend a few hours punting (boating) on the backs (the slow-moving part of the river, which flows past some of the oldest buildings on campus). Note the wooden Mathematical Bridge at Queen's College. Originally built without nails, it fits together like a puzzle (which generations of drunken students could take apart but not put back together). Today, alas, it is securely fastened by bolts. Excursions can be made to Ely (to see Ely Cathedral), Saffron Walden (to see Audley End House), Colchester (Britain's oldest city dating from AD 49), Lavenham (a somewhat touristy medieval town) and Newmarket (a major equestrian center). 50 mi/80 km north of London.
CANTERBURY This 2,000-year-old city is most famous for its magnificent 11th-century cathedral where the tomb of Thomas a Becket is located. Both the tomb and the cathedral have for centuries attracted pilgrims and travelers, including the group immortalized in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. Much of the stained glass in the cathedral remains intact from the 13th century. After you've thoroughly explored the cathedral, spend the rest of the day walking the cobblestone streets and visiting the pubs and shops. 55 mi/90 km southeast of London.
CARLISLE Near the Scottish border, ancient Carlisle merits a short visit to see Hadrian's Wall. Built by the Romans around AD 120, the wall stretches some 100 mi/160 km from Carlisle toward Newcastle-upon-Tyne. (You can walk the entire length in eight days, stopping overnight at bed-and-breakfasts along the way, or take the Tyne Valley rail line between the two cities.) Other attractions include medieval Carlisle Castle (where Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned) and the Tullie House Museum. If possible, take time to ride the 70-mi/115-km track of the Settle-to-Carlisle railroad, which passes through pretty scenery of the Yorkshire Dales and over the Victorian Ribblehead Viaduct. South of Carlisle in Wreay is a fascinating church designed by a woman as a memorial to her sister. 100 mi/160 km northwest of York.
CHANNEL ISLANDS The Channel Islands are geographically much closer to France than England. Though they've been in the British domain since the Norman Conquest, their culture and cuisine show the influence of both countries. Prices on everything are relatively good, and the two main islands have established themselves as a tax-free shopping zone (a nice reprieve from the double-digit value-added tax in England). The two most popular islands are Jersey and Guernsey. Other Channel Islands-Sark, Alderney and Herm-are much smaller, and only people who have a lot of time and a strong interest in the islands' culture will want to visit them. Jersey-A sunny climate attracts visitors to the largest and most populous of the Channel Islands. A drive around the island reveals wildflowers, sand dunes, soaring cliffs, isolated beaches, castles, manor houses, forts and grazing Jersey cows. Quaint St. Helier, on the southeastern side, is the capital; plan some time there to visit the markets and enjoy the architecture. Jersey also has many wonderful museums: Some of our favorites include St. Peter's Bunker (World War II museum), the Motor Museum, the Battle of Flowers Museum and the Jersey Museum. Also visit the zoo, St. Matthew's Church and the Eric Young Orchid Foundation. 35 mi/55 km west of France's Normandy coast. Guernsey-Slightly quieter than Jersey, it's like England was 20 years ago. While there, observe the French influence and sample the farm-fresh produce. Visit the shipwreck museum at Fort Grey, the "Little Chapel" in St. Andrews parish, Hauteville House (Victor Hugo's home), Cornet Castle and the Sausmarez Manor Exotic Woodland Gardens. The island also has a few interesting sights related to German occupation in World War II. Be sure to walk along the coast: One vantange point near Icart Point caught Renoir's eye. The island's main city, St. Peter Port, is built on a hillside. Explore its narrow streets and lovely architecture. 25 mi/40 km northwest of Jersey.
CHESTER This walled medieval town is one of the prettiest on the Wales border. It's great for walking-you'll see Roman and medieval fortifications, black-and-white Tudor houses and lovely gardens. There's good shopping along the "rows," two-tiered covered walkways fronting buildings on the main street-sort of a medieval mall. The Grosvenor Museum contains Roman artifacts, and there's a nice zoo for kids. Chester still has a town crier who appears twice a day with municipal news or the more common "All's well." If life on the water interests you, head north out of town to Ellesmere Port for its exceptional boat museum. A day trip to nearby Llangollen makes a good introduction to Wales. 15 mi/25 km south of Liverpool.
COTSWOLDS This beautiful historic area is one of our favorites: With its small villages of thatch-roofed stone cottages, rolling meadows, grazing sheep and stately manor homes, it looks like what England is supposed to look like. Bordered roughly by Oxford to the southeast, Bath to the southwest, Stratford-upon-Avon to the north, and Gloucester to the west, the Cotswolds have an atmosphere unchanged since medieval times. At least two days are needed to visit its charming hamlets: Upper and Lower Slaughter, Stanton, Stanway, Northleach, Burford and Painswick are among our favorites. We suggest renting a car and staying in bed-and-breakfasts or inns along the way. Sights to see include Snowshill Manor (Broadway), Hidcote Manor Gardens (Chipping Campden), Sudeley Castle (Winchcombe), Sezincote (Moreton-in-Marsh), Owlpen Manor (Stroud) and St. Mary's Church (Fairford). Broadway is known for antique stores and lots of tourists. Cheltenham, a former spa town, retains its fine Regency and Greek Revival buildings. If you're up for some outdoor activity, take to the 100-mi/160-km Cotswold Way, a well-traveled footpath (or at least a portion of it). Lots of other, shorter walking trails are dotted across the region.
DORCHESTER Set in southern England's hilly Dorset County, Dorchester is remembered as the setting for Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge. For a complete Hardy tour, visit Max Gate (his home), the Dorset County Museum (one room is dedicated to the author), his birthplace in nearby Higher Bockhampton and his grave in neighboring Stinsford. Several days could be spent driving around the Dorset coast, visiting small towns and enjoying the scenery. Maiden Castle, 3 mi/5 km southwest of Dorchester, is an earth mound raised in concentric rings-remarkable for its age and its enormous size. We also enjoyed Athelhampton House and its 20 acres/8 hectares of grounds. 115 mi/185 km southwest of London.
DOVER A busy seaport, Dover is best known for its chalky white cliffs. Its 900-year-old castle, which overlooks the English Channel, has double walls and underground tunnels. The city's museum is worth a visit as well. If you're in good shape, you may want to take in the views from the trails of the Western Heights. Dover is where you catch the ferry to France or Belgium. 65 mi/108 km southeast of London.
DURHAM Compact Durham, a university town, merits a visit not only for its beautiful setting (straddling a bluff), but also for its cathedral and castle, both built in the 11th century. The castle now serves as a residence hall for students; the cathedral is one of our favorites in all of England (don't miss its treasury museum). It's best to explore the city on foot, but a car is needed to make excursions to area sights, including Housesteads, a Roman fort built along Hadrian's Wall; Corbridge, an ancient Roman town with well-preserved granaries; and the Bowes Museum and adjacent 11th-century Barnard Castle (about 30 mi/50 km away). 65 mi/105 km north of York.
EXETER A busy port and cathedral city on the River Exe in Devon, Exeter is filled with ancient houses, winding streets, Roman artifacts and buildings dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. Stroll along the quay to see the Customs House, then visit the Tower Clock of St. Mary's Steps, the old Guildhall (a great museum), the cathedral (with a stone screen, wood carvings and an astronomical clock) and preserved Roman pavement (in the old Court House on Waterbeer Street). If you're not particularly claustrophobic, tour the 14th-century underground tunnel system. If time permits, stay an extra day and visit nearby Dartmoor National Park, with its truly beautiful wild landscape-a 365-sq-mi/945-sq-km dome of granite covered with heather and bracken. In addition, the park has hundreds of miles of footpaths and one of the last castles built in England, Drogo. 35 mi/55 km northeast of Plymouth.
FALMOUTH Although this Cornwall town is very pretty and one of the least touristy in the area, the only real attraction is Pendennis Castle, built by Henry VIII to guard the harbor. Falmouth as a single destination isn't really worth the trip, but it makes a nice stop on a tour of Cornwall. 45 mi/70 km southwest of Plymouth.
GLASTONBURY Glastonbury has a long tradition as a spiritual site. The Tor (ancient ruins on a hill outside town) is associated with the mythical Isle of Avalon and the Holy Grail. The site is especially appealing in late afternoon: Time your walk up the Tor to catch the sunset. It's become the location of major gatherings and rock concerts around summer solstice. The city's abbey ruins are just as legendary: Some believe that King Arthur and Guinevere were buried there. Glastonbury is best paired with a visit to nearby Wells (a picturesque town we actually prefer). The cathedral in Wells is magnificent, with hundreds of unusual stone carvings. Also take time to drive through the Cheddar Gorge, an area of limestone cliffs and caves (don't forget to sample the local cheese as well). 20 mi/30 km southwest of Bath.
GLOUCESTER This city near the western edge of the Cotswolds rates a short visit to see the spectacular cathedral, the Victorian docks and the city's museum and art gallery. The broad valley of the River Severn and the hilly Forest of Dean, once a royal hunting forest, (both west, toward Wales) are rewarding rural side trips. Also nearby is Berkeley Castle, a beautiful structure surrounded by terraced gardens and a butterfly farm. For something a bit different, visit the National Birds of Prey Centre in Newent (15 minutes northwest of Gloucester). You can watch flying demonstrations and even take an introductory course in falconry. 95 mi/155 km northwest of London.
HASTINGS Today Hastings is a typical South Coast town with rows of unappealing seaside boardinghouses, amusements and a gravel beach. But it wasn't always thus: In 1066, the Normans under William the Conqueror landed in Hastings in the last successful invasion of Britain. The famous battle was fought 6 mi/10 km northwest of the coastal town. Visit Battle Abbey (built on the site of Harold's defense line) and take the guided tour of the battlefield-located in the town of Battle, of course. 55 mi/90 km southeast of London.
HEREFORD Located on the River Wye, Hereford's main attraction is its 11th-century cathedral. It houses the Mappa Mundi, a world map drawn in the 13th century, and a fine example of a chained library. The city also has several interesting museums (including one about cider). Short drives take you to Kilpeck (church with fascinating pagan carvings on its exterior), Goodrich (impressive ruins of a red sandstone castle), Hay-on-Wye (chockablock with used-book shops) and Brockhampton (beautiful, rare thatch-roofed church). Hereford also makes a good base for exploring the picturesque Wye Valley, a favorite getaway spot of Londoners. 45 mi/70 km southwest of Birmingham.
HOLY ISLAND One of the most unusual places in England, this island is accessible by car only at low tide via a causeway. It has strong ties with the early Christian church and also with the Vikings. The ruined priory is a dramatic structure on the bleak skyline, as is the well-preserved Lindisfarne Castle, perched on a volcanic crag. The nearby mainland town of Bamburgh offers beaches and appealing streets of old stone houses. There's an imposing castle, too. 120 mi/190 km north of York.
IRONBRIDGE This small town in rural Shropshire, which once dominated the world in the production of iron, is located on the upper reaches of the River Severn. The town is named after a magnificent iron bridge that still spans the gorge (and is now a World Heritage Site). Built in 1779 to showcase the possibilities of iron, the bridge became the triumphant symbol of the Industrial Revolution in England. Ironbridge is now almost entirely a museum town and well worth a visit. 30 mi/50 km northwest of Birmingham.
ISLE OF MAN This island in the Irish Sea is a stark, rugged and fascinating land. It is not part of England (or the United Kingdom, for that matter). Instead, it's a crown dependency with its own postage stamps, laws, currency and parliament (more than 1,000 years old). Most first-time visitors to England will probably not want to slow down long enough to appreciate its subtleties. About 30 mi/48 km long and 10 mi/16 km wide, the island has a shoreline of huge cliffs and a 2,000-ft/610-m mountain (Mt. Snaefel) at its center. It is populated by farmers, fishermen and cats with no tails (manx). The isle's capital, Douglas, makes a good base for exploration. Visitors will want to spend at least two nights absorbing the Gaelic atmosphere, visiting castles, watching birds (especially at The Chasms), scuba diving, golfing, trekking on ponies, sailing, fishing and hiking in the many lush glens. There's an interesting narrow-gauge steam train that runs between Douglas and Port Erin. Inns and hotels are scattered throughout the island, which is accessible via air or ferry. In June, the island is packed with motorcycle fans, who congregate to watch the famous Tourist Trophy (TT) races. 80 mi/130 km northwest of Liverpool.
ISLE OF WIGHT This is a quiet, scenic and sunny island. Wight offers a relaxing environment, but it takes at least two nights to get into the rhythm of the island (four nights-two in the north and two in the south-would be ideal). Among the island's attractions are the 18th-century Appuldurcombe House (immaculate grounds), Osborne House (former home of Queen Victoria), the Ventnor Botanic Gardens, Carisbrooke Castle, St. Catherine's Lighthouse, the Needles (rocks jutting into the sea), Shanklin Chine (a wooded glen), Tennyson's Memorial (at Tennyson Down), the Roman villa in Brading, Quarr Abbey (an Arts and Crafts church) and scenic Godshill village. To get to the island, catch a ferry or hovercraft in Portsmouth, Southampton or Lymington; tour the isle by rental car, by bicycle or on foot. 5 mi/8 km south of Portsmouth.
ISLES OF SCILLY Accessible by helicopter, ferry or small plane from Penzance, these small islands offer an assortment of flowers (daffodils are the main export), white-sand beaches, birds, trails and small forts. St. Mary's, the main island, has the most hotels and pubs. The tallest lighthouse in Britain sits on St. Agnes, while Tresco boasts a botanical garden and St. Martin's has the best beaches. Nature lovers, walkers and scuba divers will enjoy time on the islands. The flower season peaks in March; except in summer, peace and quiet reign. 35 mi/55 km southwest of Penzance.
LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK The Lake District is popular with anglers, honeymooners and walkers. In fact, the area has an almost mystical attraction for the British. There's not much to do except relax and enjoy the scenery or hike, but that's part of the attraction. Many authors and poets, including Beatrix Potter, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, were inspired by this land of trees, hills, lakes and England's tallest mountains. Besides having some of the best walks in England, the area also gives you a sense of British history: You can stand on a fell and see prehistoric stone circles, castles, 18th-century manors and Victorian villages all in one glance. Windermere serves as the tourist center, and we found Grasmere, home to Wordsworth's Dove Cottage, to be equally as crowded. Beatrix Potter's farmhouse, Top Hill, is in Near Sawrey (it's small, so expect to wait to get in). One sight you shouldn't overlook is the Pencil Museum in Keswick. To avoid the masses, opt to stay near Wast Water, Buttermere or Crummock Water lake. 55 mi/90 km north of Liverpool.
LEEDS While this city hasn't been a traditional tourist stop, Leeds has enjoyed significant renovation in recent years. Shoppers will be particularly interested in the Victorian arcades, which contain a variety of upscale shops, and the Kirkgate Market, the largest indoor market in England. The vast exhibits in the Royal Armouries are well worth a visit (the armaments were moved there from the Tower of London). The city also has some good art galleries. One surprising development is that Leeds has become a "clubbing" hot spot in England. Nearby places to visit include the outstanding Harewood House (it has a playground for kids) and the Bronte Parsonage Museum in Haworth. 40 mi/65 km northeast of Manchester.
LINCOLN Lincoln provides what most travelers are looking for in England-cobblestone streets, old shops, a castle (which incorporates some ancient Roman walls-Newport Gate is the most interesting) and a spectacular three-tower cathedral dramatically set on a ridge above town. Time permitting, excursions can be made to Boston (where the Pilgrims staged their trip to the New World); Woodhall Spa (beautiful birch and pine forests); Gainsborough (grand medieval Old House); or the low hills, known as the Wolds, 12 mi/20 km east. 120 mi/190 km north of London.
LIVERPOOL This industrial town on the River Mersey was Britain's major port city in the days of the empire. It was also where more than 9 million emigrants departed on their voyage to the New World. The city contains imposing Victorian architecture, twin cathedrals and several top-notch art museums (including the Liverpool Museum and Walker Art Gallery). At the Conservation Centre, there's a fascinating exhibit on art restoration. The Albert Dock has a branch of the Tate Gallery and a maritime museum with a special building dedicated to "Emigrants to the New World." Liverpool's claim to fame, however, is its identity as home of the Beatles. Fans should take the Magical Mystery Tour, a two-hour minibus ride that takes in major Beatles sites (such as Penny Lane). Devoted fans can also tour the house where Paul McCartney lived in the 1950s and early '60s. For a nice view of the city's harborfront and skyline, take the 20-minute ferry ride (as the song says) 'cross the Mersey to Birkenhead. Liverpool is also where you catch the ferry to the Isle of Man. 80 mi/130 km northwest of Birmingham.
LONDON London can be enchanting or frustrating, vibrant or drab. But residents and visitors alike are prepared to tolerate or ignore the city's shortcomings for its endless ability to entertain, surprise and reward. Its theaters, opera houses and concert halls stand comparison with any in the world; its museums and galleries are practically without equal; its entertainment is as innovative and refreshing as it is cosmopolitan and diverse. Recently, we've noticed that London has a renewed sense of its own importance-it feels re-energized. From fashion to finance, from film to music and even cuisine, there's so much to savor there that Dr. Johnson's observation, "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life," retains its potency after more than two centuries. The sights of London embrace 2,000 years of history and invoke royalty, the tramp of Roman legions, strolling players in the age of Shakespeare, plagues, the Great Fire, the architectural heritage of the Georgian era, the squalid alleyways of Dickens, Victoria's great age of railways and trade, and the Blitz of World War II. In a city of more than 600 art galleries, 150 museums and countless places of interest, considerable planning is needed for sightseeing. The city's tourist attractions are sights you've heard about all your life. You'll want to see them all, but some are absolute musts: The Tower of London (dating to 1066) is always popular: Get there early if you can, as waits of up to three hours aren't unusual in summer. Crowds flock to see the changing of the guard outside Buckingham Palace, but we prefer to watch the change at Whitehall (where it's done on horseback). Huge St. Paul's Cathedral, built by Sir Christopher Wren, can take hours to wander through if you're in the right mood. The other famous church, Westminster Abbey, is where royalty are crowned and some are buried. Across the street is Big Ben clock tower, attached to the Houses of Parliament. Don't expect to see everything in a few hours at the British Museum-there are too many treasures to see and too many other people to navigate through. Art lovers will find paradise at Tate Britain and the new Tate Modern (not to mention the National Gallery). Fans of the literary arts should treat themselves to a tour of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. And for great perspective, take a ride on the giant London Eye Ferris wheel. Beloved by Londoners and visitors alike, it offers fantastic bird's-eye views over the city. Water-taxi service on the Thames allows visitors to venture farther afield. Kew Gardens and Hampton Court Palace are accessible by river from Westminster Pier. Immerse yourself in tranquillity at the former, royal prosperity at the latter. If you've seen all the major sights-or you just want to escape the crowds for awhile-visit the British Library or the Dulwich Picture Gallery. They're two of our favorite off-the-beaten-track spots in the city. London is one of the great centers of cultural entertainment. It is the most important theater city in the world, with real competition coming only from New York. The combined output of West End and fringe theaters adds up to some 600 new dramatic productions each year. With top orchestras and dozens of chamber and choral ensembles, the city also offers a wealth of classical music. London's opera houses survive on minuscule funds but still manage world-class productions. The city has a proliferation of small, highly specialized clubs. (The major entertainment guides are essential for keeping abreast of ephemeral and fleeting hot spots.) Most nightclubs will cost about £10-£15, and you'll likely have to stand in line to get in. Bouncers may decide to turn you away, based on the time you show up or your appearance; women are less likely to be turned away than men. Cover charges can vary enormously-some nights there may be none at all. London pubs are a social experience not to be missed. They vary in quality from historic, antique-furnished hostelries to unsavory, spartan taprooms. Many are divided into a public bar and a usually more comfortable saloon or lounge bar (also open to the public).
LYNTON/LYNMOUTH These scenic villages are within Exmoor National Park, a 265-sq-mi/685-sq-km wilderness of heather and rushing streams stretching right to the ocean. A water-driven cliff railway links the two villages and provides gorgeous views. Plan several hours, including time for walks, especially if the heather is in bloom. Ilfracombe, a pleasant seaside resort with ferry service to lonely Lundy Island (scenery, bird watching, diving), lies only 15 mi/25 km to the west. If you're traveling with children, stop at Watermouth Castle, located in a spectacular seaside setting. 65 mi/105 km west of Bath.
MANCHESTER Although its industrial history has left parts of Manchester somewhat grimy and ugly, the city is evolving. New construction and redevelopment is the name of the game now: One highlight is the new Lowry Centre, home to galleries and eateries. You'll find excellent shopping, especially along King Street, and perhaps the best theater outside London. For architecture buffs, the city's Victorian buildings are unrivaled. Sights to see include the Museum of Science and Industry, the City Art Gallery, the Whitworth Art Gallery and the John Rylands Library. Manchester is also known for its hopping nightlife. 30 mi/50 km east of Liverpool.
NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK A boon to walkers and nature lovers, the park ranges from open moorland to the windswept coast. The area is best visited from the comfort of lodgings in York, Helmsley (a charming village of gray stone houses near the marvelous ruins of Rievaulx Abbey and some fine country houses) or Whitby (an attractive coastal town also with great abbey ruins and a fine church). Just outside the western boundary of the park, the town of Thirsk celebrates the life of James Herriot, veterinarian of All Creatures Great and Small fame. 25 mi/40 km north of York.
NORTHAMPTON While there's not much to recommend the city of Northampton itself, the surrounding countryside has quite a few attractions to draw visitors. Principal among these is Althorp, the childhood home and burial site of Diana, Princess of Wales (advance tickets are required because visitors are limited). The stable was converted to a museum dedicated to the Princess. Other nearby sights include Earls Barton Church, a Saxon structure with fascinating details; Rushton Hall and Triangular Lodge, both replete with triangular symbols of the Trinity (builder Thomas Tresham was obsessed with Christian symbols); Castle Ashby (note the message on the roof); and Boughton House (don't be surprised if it reminds you of an opulent French mansion-it was built by a British ambassador to France). 60 mi/100 km northeast of London.
NORWICH Naxos, the largest of the Cycladic islands, was once a Venetian possession, so many of its villages have Venetian architecture. It also has good hiking trails and excellent beaches (the ones on the west side of the island are the best). Olive groves, fruit orchards and small farms give the place a bucolic air. On the northern side of the island, in the village of Apollonos, there's an ancient, unfinished statue of Apollo (it was never completed because of a defect in the marble). The island also has an airport. 115 mi/185 km southeast of Athens.
NOTTINGHAM This city in the hills of north-central England was headquarters for the legendary Robin Hood. Don't go out of your way to see it, but if it's convenient, plan a few hours for the Nottingham Castle Museum (local historical displays and art), Wollaton Hall (natural history and industrial displays) and the very interesting National Museum of Law. Nearby sights include Belvoir Castle (gorgeous setting), Newstead Abbey (home of Lord Byron; his grave site is at Hacknall Church) and the D. H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum (in Eastwood). 105 mi/170 km northwest of London.
OXFORD Scenic Oxford is home to the oldest university in Britain (the school was founded in 1263). The university is made up of 35 colleges, each with its own traditions, architecture and history. Begin a full day by climbing Carfax Tower to get a view of the entire town. Some of the more interesting places to visit are Magdalen (pronounced MAUD-lin) College, circular Radcliffe Camera, the excellent botanic gardens and Christ Church Cathedral. Be sure to visit some of Oxford's museums and libraries (especially Bodleian Library, Ashmolean Museum and Pitt Rivers Museum) and stroll through the quadrangles (e.g., Christ Church's Tom Quad). A more intimate view of Oxford colleges can be obtained through the Verger's Tours that start at most colleges' main entrances. Typically these tours are inexpensive and not publicized. As in Cambridge, punting (boating) is a popular summertime activity in Oxford. Punts are available for rent near the Magdalen Bridge. Northeast of Uffington is an ancient landmark: The outline of a horse carved into the chalk hillside was probably made in the 1st century AD (try to see it when the sun is low). Winston Churchill's Blenheim Palace in nearby Woodstock is another must-see in the area. 50 mi/80 km northwest of London.
PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK The wild, rolling hills (despite the name, there are no mountain peaks) of this park attract many walkers and hikers. The park stretches across the southern part of the Pennines, limestone hills known as "the backbone of England." The longest and most challenging footpath in the country-the 250-mi/415-km Pennine Way-runs from there northward to the Scottish border. Within the park are some of the most exquisite and stately homes in the country, including Haddon Hall and Chatsworth (the Duke of Devonshire's magnificent baroque mansion) near Bakewell. If you'd rather explore natural chambers, the area around Castleton has a handful of caves that are open to the public, and Poole's Cavern outside Buxton is also spectacular. 20 mi/30 km southeast of Manchester.
PENZANCE This fairly small town was the setting for Gilbert and Sullivan's Pirates of Penzance. Visit the Chysauster Ancient Village (a collection of houses and buildings from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD), the Penlee House Museum (set in subtropical gardens) and the Egyptian House (with its unusual facade). The peninsulas on either side of Penzance are great for walkers, especially along the coastline of the Lizard Peninsula to the east. While in the area, be sure to visit St. Michael's Mount, in the bay opposite Marazion, and the picturesque village of St. Ives, with its interesting art museums. 65 mi/105 km southwest of Plymouth.
PLYMOUTH This port is where the Pilgrims left for the New World and explorers Cook, Raleigh and Drake began their expeditions. Sights include the Mayflower Memorial, the Royal Citadel, Saltram House and the National Marine Aquarium. Walk around the Barbican and see the fishing boats. If time permits, take a day trip into stark Dartmoor National Park or to Buckland Abbey. 100 mi/160 km southwest of Bath.
PORTSMOUTH An interesting and historic port town, Portsmouth is home base for the Royal Navy. Charles Dickens was born there, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling and H. G. Wells put in some time at Portsmouth as well. Be sure to visit Henry VIII's salvaged warship (the Mary Rose), HMS Warrior (the first armor-plated warship) and HMS Victory (the beautifully restored wooden ship commanded by Lord Nelson). For naval history buffs, the Royal Navy Museum is a must-see (and we also suggest a side trip to the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in nearby Gosport). Ruins of a Norman castle, built using the walls of an ancient Roman fort, are impressive. And just north of town are two Victorian-era forts open to the public. 65 mi/105 km southwest of London.
RYE This medieval walled city is compact and fun to walk through. In sight of the English Channel, it has interesting shops, cobblestone streets, buildings dating to the 15th century and Henry James' home, Lamb House. Outside of town on the beach lies Henry VIII's Camber Castle (head there on foot for a good walk). You might find Rye a bit touristy. If so, opt for Winchelsea, a planned 13th-century town (we think it's just as pretty). 50 mi/80 km southeast of London.
SALISBURY Near Stonehenge, the town of Salisbury merits a visit to see its enormous cathedral (you'll see its spire long before you get there) and the Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum. While in the area, be sure to see Wilton House, a superb country manor. 75 mi/120 km southwest of London.
POROS This Argo-Saronic island is known for its wine and unique architecture. As most cruise tours give visitors about an hour and a half to see it, you'll have to choose among the following: the Panagia Monastery; the ruins of Poseidon's Temple (the climb up takes an hour, then you have to hurry down); a hike through the pine trees; and secluded tree-shaded beaches (take shoes-the shores can be rocky). Cruises that also include Hydra and Aegina usually arrive in Poros last (at about 4:30 pm-they depart around 5:50 pm). However, we recommend staying two or three nights. If you have more time, cross the channel to the mainland; the two best things to see are the ruins of Troezene (next to a ravine with a natural rock bridge) or the miles of lemon groves near the town of Galatas. 35 mi/55 km southwest of Athens.
SHREWSBURY In addition to being one of the finest Tudor towns in England, Shrewsbury also claims a famous son, Charles Darwin. The town's abbey has long been a pilgrimage site in honor of St. Winifred. Be sure to see the 12th-century Church of St. Mary and the Rowley's House Museum. Fans of Ellis Peters' Cadfael mysteries should check out Shrewsbury Quest. In nearby Wroxeter are the impressive remains of one of the largest Roman towns in Britain. 40 mi/65 km northwest of Birmingham.
SOUTHAMPTON This city, England's third-largest port (the Titanic sailed from there), is protected from English Channel storms by the Isle of Wight. Spend some time walking the city walls and seeing the well-preserved Tudor House and Medieval Merchant's House. Other highlights of the area include nearby Winchester (a medieval town with an outstanding cathedral) and the New Forest. The forest is a great spot for cycling or walking, and within its borders is Beaulieu, a grand estate with an ancient abbey and a fantastic car museum. 70 mi/115 km southwest of London.
ST. AUSTELL This seaside Cornwall town is primarily a base for exploring the area's pretty fishing towns (such as Looe, Polperro and Fowey). Its new claim to fame is Eden Project, a major horticultural center that attracts gardeners-and folks just interested in nature-from around the world. 30 mi/50 km west of Plymouth.
STAMFORD Often seen while driving between Cambridge and Lincoln, picturesque Stamford is known for its stone buildings. The city's museum makes an entertaining break from strolling the winding, cobbled streets. Just outside town is Burghley House, a massive stone palace owned by the Cecil family (be sure to see its Heaven Rooms). 80 mi/130 km north of London.
STOKE-ON-TRENT In the area called the Potteries, Stoke-on-Trent is the home of Wedgwood, founded by Josiah Wedgwood (Charles Darwin's grandfather). The Wedgwood Visitor Centre is well worth a tour, and you can also visit the makers of Spode and Royal Doulton. The Gladestone Pottery Museum is excellent. 40 mi/65 km north of Birmingham.
STONEHENGE This circle of megalithic stones on the Salisbury Plain has been a mystical spiritual center for more than a thousand years. With Stonehenge now designated a World Heritage Site, improvements have been proposed to divert road traffic away from the stones and restore the site to the "lonely temple to the winds" described by Thomas Hardy. Although it borders on the sacrilegious to say this, so much has been made of Stonehenge that travelers might be disappointed when they finally get to see it. This famous ring of stones is smaller than you might think, and the crowds, thundering traffic and gift shop really detract from the mystic effect. There is a less imposing, but far more extensive, complex of standing stones and burial mounds 20 mi/30 km north at Avebury. It's still very impressive, you won't see crowds there, and you can still touch and walk among the stones. (Other examples of standing stones can be found throughout England.) 80 mi/130 km southwest of London.
STRATFORD-UPON-AVON The hometown of William Shakespeare, Stratford is very touristy, but we still think it's a must-see. While there, be sure to attend a performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company. Take one of the city walking tours guided by a local playwright (they start from the Royal Shakespeare Theatre), and visit the sites associated with the Bard, especially Anne Hathaway's cottage (in nearby Shottery), Shakespeare's birthplace (don't breeze past the exhibition), Holy Trinity Church (he's buried there-the riverside setting is idyllic) and Mary Arden's House (which is 3 mi/5 km away in Wilmcote and popular with kids). Only dedicated fans need take time to see the other in-town Shakespeare properties. If time permits, walk around nearby Charlecote Park and visit the town of Warwick for its highly entertaining castle and the medieval Lord Leycester Hospital (across High Street from the castle walls). Stratford also makes a good base for exploring the Cotswolds. 80 mi/130 km northwest of London.
WINDSOR This pleasant town along the Thames is home to Windsor Castle, the most accessible of all the royal properties. It has been completely restored since the devastating fire in 1992. The castle's highlights include St. George's Chapel, Albert Memorial Chapel, Queen Mary's Dolls' House and the state apartments. The vast Windsor Great Park, which stretches east from the castle, is a fine setting for a walk. If you're traveling with children, Legoland Windsor offers a change of pace from all the history. Famous Eton College, noted for educating royals and statesmen, is just across the Thames. It's open to the public for tours. 20 mi/30 km west of London.
WORCESTER This town is home to the Royal Worcester porcelain factory and a splendid cathedral. Spend half a day in the area walking its older streets (you can practically hear the timbers of some of the old Tudor buildings groaning) and the Commandery Civil War Centre. Fans of Morgan motorcars should stop in nearby Malvern Link to tour the factory (advance reservations requested). Great Malvern, a short drive southwest, is a spa town at the foot of a small scenic range of hills of the same name. A walk through the Malvern hills affords great views. Witley Court, a romantic ruin of an estate that we highly recommend visiting, is also in the vicinity. 100 mi/160 km northwest of London.
YORK This walled medieval city is a great place to explore, with narrow streets, lovely shops and timbered homes with gabled roofs. Don't miss the 14th-century York Minster (one of the largest medieval cathedrals in Europe) and York Castle Museum (truly one of England's best, with popular-culture items from all historical periods). Take a walk along the wall and visit Clifford's Tower, the Yorkshire Museum (Roman displays), Jorvik Viking Centre (get there early to avoid crowds), the award-winning National Railway Museum and 18th-century Castle Howard (a gold-domed baroque mansion). The surrounding countryside features the North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales National Parks. York is reputed to be the most haunted city in England (tours of spooked locales are given after dark). 55 mi/90 km northeast of Manchester.
YORKSHIRE DALES NATIONAL PARK Extending northward from the industrial city of Leeds, the Yorkshire Dales are a world apart. Miles of unspoiled countryside, country lanes and stone walls surround lively market towns, isolated farmhouses, ancient lead mines and great limestone caverns. This is the middle stretch of the Pennines and is great hiking country for the hale and hearty. The town of Malham makes a good base. While there, be sure to see Fountains Abbey on the east side of the park. 35 mi/55 km north of Manchester.
SHOPPING Napoleon wasn't far off when he described England as "a nation of shopkeepers." Even today, it seems as if every one of the country's attractions and sights has a gift shop, and you can expect to be routed through it to reach the exit. If you can get past the kitsch, however, England is a great place to buy china, antiques, pipes and tobacco, porcelain, silver, teas, pewter, art and books, as well as linens, woolens, tweeds and other fabrics. As you travel, look for interesting regional handicrafts, such as "corn dollies" (plaited straw designs, made during fall harvest). Souvenirs relating to Britain's pagan/Druid or mythic (Camelot) past can also be found, especially in the areas around Stonehenge, Avebury and Glastonbury. When buying antiques, look for seals bearing the acronyms BADA or LAPADA to ensure authenticity. The museum (and even cathedral) stores often have better-quality souvenirs than are generally available in town stores. Among London's shopping areas are Piccadilly (Fortnum and Mason's); Bond Street (exclusive shops); Oxford Street (several department stores); New Oxford Street (trendy boutiques); Knightsbridge (Harrods); and Kensington Church Street (antiques). Shops producing the classics of British tailoring and shoes can be found on Savile Row, Bond Street and Jermyn Street. You can spend hours browsing through the rare-book stores on the streets leading to the British Museum. Another good spot for books is along Charing Cross Road. Shopping Hours Generally Monday-Saturday 9 am-5:30 pm. Some shopping centers stay open until 8pm or later. Banking Hours Generally Monday-Friday 9:30 am-3:30 pm. Some branches stay open until 5:30 pm, and a few are open Saturday morning.
DINING It seems as if British food has always been the butt of jokes around the world. But over the past decade, the English demand for decent food led to a revolution that began in London and is now spreading throughout the country. High-profile chefs have become celebrities, on a par with rock stars. While you can still have your fill of pub food, you'll also find excellent restaurants serving every imaginable kind of cuisine. In particular, Middle Eastern, Caribbean and Nigerian restaurants abound. Nearly every town has a place that serves excellent Indian or Pakistani food, and kebab houses are now as common as fish-and-chips shops. (And just to let you know: Chips are what North Americans call "French fries," and what North Americans call potato chips are called "crisps.") The more traditional offerings include shepherd's pie (filled with ground beef or lamb and covered with mashed potatoes), cornish pasties (filled with beef, potato and onion), bangers and mash (translation: sausages and mashed potatoes) and Scotch eggs (hard-boiled eggs covered in sausage and deep fried). True ploughmen probably never enjoyed the ubiquitous ploughman's lunch-bread, cheese and raw vegetables-because it first gained popularity in the 1960s as part of a marketing promotion. Some meats not common to North American menus, such as rabbit and venison, are more likely to turn up on an English table. Fresh fish, including salmon and lake trout (from the Lake District), is especially good. British beers are among the best in the world. Although several brands have nationwide distribution, many are only available locally. Traditionally, breweries have owned pubs, so only one brand-the owner's-was carried. Although this is now the exception rather than the rule, you still may not find a wide selection of brands offered at every pub. Be sure to try a flavorful ale, bitter or stout served the old-fashioned way-"pulled" from the barrel (rather than pressurized) and served at room temperature.
WEATHER England has no season when the weather is predictably wonderful. We like May, June and October, when day temperatures tend to be cool. Other people prefer July-September, when temperatures are about 10 degrees F/5 C higher. English gardens are at their best in late March and April. And we've met still others who like to visit in the winter because there are fewer tourists and, thanks to the Gulf Stream, the weather is often tolerable (although it does rain more, and many sights outside of cities may be closed). Take a collapsible umbrella and sweater no matter when you go.
TRANSPORTATION Most major airlines serve London's Heathrow (LHR), which is 15 mi/25 km west of town, or Gatwick (LGW), which is 27 mi/45 km south of town. It's easy to underestimate the time it takes to get to London's two main airports (they don't look far on a map), and it's not uncommon to miss a flight because of unforeseen problems en route. If you're going by car, allow at least 90 minutes to get to Heathrow from London and at least 70 minutes to get to Gatwick. Alternatively, there's train service to Gatwick, subway service to Heathrow, and bus service to both. You can fly to Manchester (MAN) if you're visiting Yorkshire, the Lake District or the Isle of Man; or Birmingham (BHX) if you're headed for the Midlands. Internally, there are frequent domestic flights to most major cities. Yet another way to arrive is by sea-the Queen Elizabeth II makes frequent crossings from New York to Southampton. Or, if you're arriving from the Continent, ferries and hovercraft cross from almost all countries bordering the English Channel or North Sea. (The channel can be fairly rough at times, so avoid the ferries if you are prone to seasickness.) The "Chunnel" (Channel Tunnel) links England with France and Belgium: High-speed Eurostar trains through the Chunnel will get you between London and Paris or Brussels in about three hours. The ferries, hovercraft and many Chunnel trains are all equipped to transport automobiles. Once in England, the most common ways to get around are escorted and hosted tours (including specialized tours for walkers), fly-drive tours and British Rail. The railway is not as cheap, reliable or convenient as you might hope, but the Britrail pass (which must be purchased outside the country) is a true bargain if you'll be moving around a lot. If you're planning on driving, bear in mind that driving is on the left, which may take a few days to get used to if you're unaccustomed to it. In the country areas, drive down a couple of the B roads. It's an experience: Hedges 6-10-ft/2-3-m high come right up to the edge of the pavement, so it can feel like you're in a maze. Be aware that there's often room for only one car and be mindful that there may be oncoming traffic around blind curves (keep track of the last pullover you passed-when two cars meet, whichever car believes it is closer to a pullover will back up to it and let the other car go by). Within cities, public buses or taxis will get you where you want to go. In London, you'll come to rely on the subway (called the "Underground" or "Tube"); if you plan to ride it regularly, purchase one of the passes that allow unlimited usage for 1-7 days-it'll save you a bundle.